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BOAS - Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome

What we should know ?

An illustration of a dog's head showing its mouth, tongue, and internal anatomy with labels.

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome - It is a breathing problem that affects flat-faced dogs like Pugs, French Bulldogs, and English Bulldogs.

Their short skulls crowd their soft throat and nose tissues, which blocks air and makes it hard to breathe and as we know breathing is rather important part of everyone’s life.

Anatomical issues that flat dogs are “facing” :

  1. Narrow nostrils that prevent normal air flow

  2. Crowded ( thick turbinate ) nose and throat , which causes …

  3. …poor air flow

  4. Turbinate can overgrown as far as to nasopharynx and its more difficult to take a breath

  5. Very thick and overgrown tongue …

  6. That OBSTRUCTS air flow

  7. Elongated soft pallet that closes larynx and AGAIN stopes air from passing through

  8. FINALLY larynx can have issues with cartilages and patient can develop laryngeal collapse which causes , You guessed it , air to stop flowing .

Symptoms

Signs of BOAS can show up when a dog is still a little puppy, but most patients comes to clinic with breathing problems when they are 2–4 years old.

You may notice:

  • Noisy breathing

  • Snoring, especially when sleeping

  • Restless or disturbed sleep

  • Heavy panting, even when resting still

  • Getting tired quickly

  • Not wanting to exercise which leads quickly to being overweight

  • Struggling in hot weather — can lead to heatstroke

  • Difficulty eating or swallowing

  • Bringing food back up or vomiting, sometimes because of the effort needed to breathe

  • Blue or grey gums/tongue, which mean they aren't getting enough oxygen

  • Fainting or collapsing - and that’s an emergency situation !

Two brindle and white bulldogs sleeping with their heads and bodies intertwined on a floor.

Surgical Correction

Diagram showing the step-by-step process of surgical correction of a soft palate in dogs. It includes pre-operative view, incision marking, incision made, excess tissue removed, edges smoothed, and post-operative view.